Furnace



Nov; 27, 1928. 1,692,953 D. s. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed'Jan 1925 2Sheets-Sheet 1 myzmoa AM); A.

BY v 2 5 ATTORNEYS Nov. 27, 1928.

D. S. RICHARDSON FURNACE Filed Jan. 9, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 m m 2 h w 33 3 5 3 3 k 0% i M I m 3 u u 3 m m 2 m E m n w n m m m m H. y k kINVENTOR A 1 W ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 27, 1928.

. UNITED AT PATEN F I 1 nwrsnrs. RICHARDSON, on NEW YO K, w A IG B T0 1941 0 YN TON 00., OF NEW YOBK, "I\T. Y., .A GORPOBATIQN QE NEW YORK.

FUBNA'CE- 7 Application filed anuar 9,1925. s l-mint. 366.

This invention relates to improvements in furnaces.

One of the objects 'of the invention is to.

provide an ii'nproved furnace construction by the use of which a moreeiiicicnt burning of the fuel will take place. D

It is another object to furnish a device of the character stated whichwhen used Wlll insure combustion in such a. manner that clinkers, deadspots, etc. in the body of the fuel will be minimized.

An additional objectis to construct a furnace' which will function insuch a manner that the need of frequent cleaning of 1ts variousinternalsurfaces and the flue connected with'the outlet pipe thereof will bereduced. r

Another object is to design a furnace construction by which the sameamount of fuel as heretofore will produce a more usefully availableheat, and in which the response to the opening of the drafts and othercontrol devices will be more rapid than has hereto fore been the case.

Specifically, it is another object to furnish a mechanism by means ofwhich the corn bustible gases liberated under normal conchtions by thebed of fuel will beignited and consumed,this being accomplished by aconstruction which will furnish air to the (30111- bustion chamber ofthe furnace, the device being of such a type that-it may bereadllyrenewed by a layman in the event of its burn-- ing out or beingotherwise rendered unlit for further service.

Still another object is that of constructing a mechanism of the typedefined in the previous paragraph, the use of which will not.

necessitate any radical reconstructionof boilers or furnaces as now inuse. and which mechanism may be readily manufactured and applied to afurnace With ease.

Other objects of theinvention will in part be obvious and will in partappear hereinafter;

The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,combination of elements, and arrangement of parts which will beexemplified in the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope ofthe application of which will be indicated in the claims. For a fullerunderstanding, of the: nature and objects of the invention referenceshould be had to the following detailed description drawings, in'which:

taken in connection with the accompanying Fig. 1 is asectional side Viewof a furnace with a constructionembodying one form of the presentinvention associated therewith Fig. 2 is a sectional front view thereof;Fig. 3 is a top plan viewof the device afore referred to; and 7 Fig. 4is a bottom pla-nfiview thereof. In the present exemplification theinvention has been illustrated in connection With a furnace of the steamor hot water type.

While the subject matter of the present case is particularly intendedfor use in connection with heaters ofhousehold size, it will beunderstood that the invention may be utilized to advantage in connectionwith numer one different types of Water and steam boil-' .ers', airheaters, etc.

lhus, in theseviews' the heater includes a fire-pot, below which a grateis positioned, access to the fire-pot being had by means of a coal door7, so that the combustion chain ber of the furnace may be filled withfuel in the usual inannerto approximately the level indicated at 5. j

The fire-pot may be formed by; utilizing a cylindrical or other shapedcasing 5,which is jacketed bya second casing 8,'encircling and disposedin spaced" relationship to'the first-named casing, so as to provideinthe present instance a heating acket for water," which is ntroduced,as in the usual manner,

through pipes communicating with openings in, the exterior casing. Theentire furnace assen'iblymay also be'supported upon a'base (5, providingan ashpit, and, in "the usual manner, the draft through the grate, aswell as.

the removal. of ashes from the pit, may be accomplished by means of a,door 7 provided for this purpose. 1

Thus,'the fuel burning within-the firepot will serve to heat thewa'ter'jacketed between the casings 5 and 8', and the products of com-.

bustion will move upwardly through'the combustion chamber and past thesections 9,10 and 11, by means of ports'12provided in the latter forthis purpose. In passing through these sections, which may be'of anydesired type, the temperature of the water will be raised, or in theevent that the furnace is of that typeWhich is adapted to supply steamto a heatingsystenn and, consequently, the

Water level isbelow ,one or more ofithese sectionsthe steam emanatingfrom the water level has its temperature materially raised within thesections, andafter giving off heat to the uppermost section the productsof combustion will pass through the flue pipe 13, the escape of gasesfrom which may be controlled by dampers, etc.

It is here to be understood that a consider-- able amount of theproducts of combustion which pass through the ports 12 and into theoutlet flue'13 are themselves combustible, but the heating units,incident to this capability, have heretofore been largely lost, due tothe factthat there has been insufficient oxygen to permit completecombustion; or, whereattempts have been made to ignite these, gases, forexample, by opening a port within the fuel door, they have proved to thegreatest extent to be ineffective because the temperature of the airadmitted was such that the desired result was not achieved. VViththis inmind eflorts have also been previously directed towards introducing airwithin the combustion chamber and in preheating this air to such anextent that desirable combustion would be promoted. To a great extent,and particularjection the greatest difficulty was because renewals ofthis nature have required the efforts of anexperienced workman, and alsoit has been usually necessary to extinguish the fire in order toaccomplish such renewaL' By means of the present invention the desiredresult, i. e., the burning of the combustible particles within the gasesescaping from the body of fuel, are accomplished with out the objectionsaforeenumerated coming into being. In the specific embodiment illustrated the. rear end of the section. 9 is reduced to a sufficient extentto provide an opening between the adjacent upper edges of the easlngs 5and 8 and the section 10, whlch w1ll be adequate for the passage ofsufiiclent oxygen 1 to promote combustion. Disposed within this openingin the present instance is the neck of an airbox 15, which neck ispreferably offset as at 18, so that the body of the box may lie in aplane below that in which the mouth 19 of the neckextends.

This box in crosssection, ispreferably tapered, as has been best shownin Fig. 2, and has its lower surface provided with a plurality oflongitudinnallyextending slits 16, which will lie substantiallycentrally over thefuel body withinthe firepot, and well spaced from theupper surface thereof. i

4 With a view to supporting this box in such a manner that it mayreadily be removed when it is necessary, it will be observed that theupper surface 17 of the same is formed complementary to the undersurface of the section 9, and the latter isprovidedwith a supportingledgeQ-l extending forwardly within the furnace. The outer edge of theairbox which projects beyond the ledge 24 is extended upwardly as at 20,and rearwardly as at 23, so

as to form a hook for the purpose'o'f bearing against the upper face ofthe ledge of section- 9, it being noted that for the purpose ofaccommodatlng the parts thls section is preferably formed with a recess21 in its lower face,

the length of this recess being more than equal to the depth of theledge, plus the length of the rearwardlyextending portion 23. 3 Thus,the airbox has two points of suspension, one adj accnt the mouth 19 ofits neck, and the other adjacent that edge which is nearestto the fueldoor, and its discharge openings 16 are of such a nature that air willbe efficaciously dis-.

tributed within the combustionchamber in a manner brought out.

In order to supp'lyair to the box 15, a con duit 25 may be employed,which is suitably secured tothe outer face of the casing 8, and has, inthe present instance, its upper end in communication with the mouth 19of the air-- box eck, its lower end being in communication, throughopening 26, with the outer atmosphere, and through an opening 28 withthe ashpitt, I

In utilizing this device, and'pi'esuining that the furnace is just beingstarted, a valve 27 may be turned in order to close directcommuhereinafter more particularly nication between the pipe 25and theouter at- I mosphere, but to allow communication between this ,pipe'audthe ashpit A certain portion of the air sucked in through the door 7will pass throughthe opening 28 and conduit 25. In passage through thelatter it will be preheated to a certain extent, and upon be ingdischarged into theneck ofthe airbox the temperature of this air will befurther raised, due to the fact that this neck portion i s prefen ablyarranged to extend transversely of the port 12 of the lowermost boilersection, and is consequently in the path :of the flames and products ofcombustion omanatingfrom the upper surface of the fuel body 5,. Twofactors will govern the discharge of air from within the box 15,-thefirst of these being pressure of the head of air within the conduit 25,and the second the amount of suction acting upon the mouths of theopening 16. *In any event,'it will be appreciated that as the fuel bodyis ienited and continues to burn, incident to the air which passesupwardly through the grate, flames will appear in the combustion chamberabove the fuel body, in-

cident to the partial combustion ofthe gas I eous products discharged,from this upper surto a considerable extent, and instead of mere hotgases passing through the ports 12 flames will be in contact with theradiating surfaces of the various furnace sections, as a consequence ofwhich the air, water or steam within these sections will have itstemperature raised to a high degree within a relatively short period oftime. Furthermore, due to this result, the particles whicha're'normall-y discharged from the flue, retained within the same, ordeposited on the various baffle surfaces of the boiler sections will bevirtually entirely consumed, so that it. does not become.

necessary to frequently clean thevarious portions of the furnace or theflues'connccted therewith, and, additionally, it will be feasible toutilize low grades of fuel, which would otherwise be objectionableincident to the large discharge of smoke from the upper endof the line.

lVhen the furnace 1S once in operation, or, in other words, when theflue and furnace parts have become well heated and there is consequentlyvery little danger of aback draft through the flue 25, the valve 27 maybe thrown to close the opening28 and to uncover the opening26, so as todraw a fresh, clean air supply into the conduit, it beingunderstood thatwith two openings it is usually only necessary to draw air in throughthe ashpit during the initial stages of combustion of the fuel bodywithin the firepot.

Due to the construction herewith suggested it is obvious that there willbe very little, if any, danger of the unit which supplies the hot airbecoming useless, due either to burning out or to being damaged by coalor furnace utensils, etc., for the reason that it is well spaced fromthe upper level of the fuel body. As a consequence, it will not besubjected to intense temperature and it will not be in the way of coalor utensils in their I passage through the fire door. Further, insuchposition it will distribute the highly heated air in a moredesirable manner than isvusually the case in a complicated unit. 7

At this time it is also to be noted that due to the constructionsuggested it will be unnecessary, unless desired, to modify the furnacebody or sections in any other respect than having one sectioninterrupted throughout a may be continued until such time as the edge ofthe rearwardlyaextending portion 23 of the box clears'the outer edge ofthe ledge 24, when it will be obvious that the outer .end

. of the box will drop clear of the section. 9.

Upon continued movement the mouth '19 of the box neck will clear theupper edge of the opening formed in the section 9, and thus it will beapparent that the whole box may readily be removed, it beingonlynecessary toreverse the process, in order to supplant the old boxwith a new one. a

Finally, if desired, the opening '28 in the base may be dispensed with,and the air may atal-l times be drawn d-i rect'lythroug-h the lower endof the conduit 25, it being furthermore obviousth'at, if desired, adamper 29 may be positioned within this conduit for controlling the flowof fluid t'herethrough.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated that the objects of theinvention have been accomplished and since certain changes may be madein the above construction, and dilferent embodiments of the inventioncould be made, without departing from the scope thereof, itisintendedthat all matter contained inthe above description, or shown in theaccompanying.drawings, shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense. a i

It isalso'to be understood that the following claims are intended tocover all of the generic and specific features of the invention Havingdescribed my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure byLetters Patent is 1. In combination, a furnace having a com bustionchamber defined by walls, an airbox withinsaid combustion chamber, andmeans to support said airbox withinsaid chamber, sa1d means 1nclud1ng ashoulder formed on one of said walls, a hook associated with another ofsaid walls, and extending in a direction away from the first wall, ahook associated-w1th sa1d box and extendmg towards said shoulder, and anair 1ntake member associated with said box and extending substantiallyin the same direction as the latter hook and engaging said shoulder. a

2. In combination, a furnace comprising a casing and a section at theupper end of the 7 same providing". a combustion chamber, one

of said members being formed with'a port, a portion of one of saidmembers providing a substantiallyflat surface, an airbox, a hook forminga part of the same and engaging with i said surface, and an extensionforming a part of said box and filling said port, saidparts havingsliding engagement with each other whereby said box may he slid withrespect to said furnace structure to eifect' a removal 0t 1 said boxfrom the chamber.

ing surface and a recessed portion adjacent.

the same, the rear of said furnace parts being formed witha port and ahredoor opening at the forward end thereof, an extension forming a. partof said airbox and slidably projecting into said port, and a supportingmemher also forming a part of said box and slidably engaging thesupporting surface of said section whereby when said box is movedtowards said firedoor opening it will be detachedfrom said furnaceparts.

4. In combination, a furnace comprising a casing, a horizontal sectionat the upper-end of the same and formed with an opening for the escapeof products of combustion generated within the combustion chamberdeiined by said. section and easing, one of the i-llS ofthe. chambersbeing formed with a adjacent said opening, an airboX, an expoi tensionforming a part of said an-box and projecting across said opening andinto said port into slidable engagement withthe furnace parts, and quickdetachable means forming a part of said section and said airbox forsuspending the latter from thevformer.

5. combination, a boiler comprising a body anda section disposed abovethesame,

face formed with openings for the escape of air, the end of said bodyextending into said port, and means extendingiron the upper face of saidbody and into the recessof said section. for detachably supporting thesame. 6. In combination, a boller comprising a body and a sectiondisposed above the same, i

said body and section providing a combustion chamber; said section beingprovided with'a notch in its rear edge and with a re cess in its underface forwardly of said notch;

said body being formediwith a port adjacent said notch, and anair-supplying member positioned within said combustion chamber andincluding a hollow body having its lower face formed with o iienings forthe escape of air," the end of said body extendlng upwardly intosaidnotchiand rearwardly into said port; and means extending from the upperface of said body and into said recess of said'section for detachablysupporting the same.

-. In testimon whereof I .aiiiX m si 'nature.

DWIGHT s. RICHARDSON.

